What are the types of soil?

What are the types of soil?

ICAR Indian Agricultural Research Center has divided the soil into 8:00 parts.

1. Alluvial soil 

2. Black soil 

3. Red soil 

4. Laterite soil 

5. Desert soil 

6. Mountain soil 

7. Marsh soil 

8. Alkaline soil.

1. Alluvial soil.

Alluvial soil is formed due to erosion and deposition by rivers. Alluvial soil is formed due to the erosion and deposition of rivers. Therefore, all the rivers that flow out of the Himalayas are mostly found in the plains of North India. Soil erosion and alluvial soil accumulate in North India. There are two types of alluvial old Bangar and new alluvial manure.
Alluvial soil can be of three types: sandy loam, silt, clay.
Alluvial soil is very fertile and contains potash, phosphoric acid and organic matter which make it quite fertile but it is deficient in nitrogen and alluvial soil has covered the entire north Indian plain hence alluvial all over north India Soil is found.

 Alluvial soil state.

Alluvial soil is commonly found in Rajasthan Punjab Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand Bihar West Bengal Orissa Assam Mahanadi, Godavari, Narmada, Tapi, Krishna, Kaveri and Brahmaputra Valley.

The Mahanadi, Godavari, Narmada, Tapi, Krishna, Kaveri and Brahmaputra rivers form deltas on the entire Eastern Ghats on the east coast, hence alluvial soil is also found there, alluvial soil is also found in the drainage basin of peninsular India.

Black soil.

Black soil is formed due to breakage of the rocky rocks, the quantity of iron and magnesium in the rocks is very high, due to this, the amount of iron and magnesium is also found in black soil.

Black soil is also known as Regur soil and cotton soil because it is very beneficial to cultivate cotton in black soil. Black soil is very fertile for cotton cultivation, so most people in the country cultivate cotton in black soil. The reason for the black hydro is a mixture of iron and magnesium which is also known as Titaniferous megnetite.

 Black soil is by nature a smooth soil, so it has very high water holding capacity, therefore, due to its high water holding capacity, it crops that require more water like rice, cane, jute etc.

 Black soil has more ability to withstand moisture because it is smooth soil. Black soil is less fertile in the upper regions but this black soil is very fertile in the valleys in the lower areas.

 When this soil is wet, it becomes very smooth and when dried it cracks in this soil.

Potash in black soil is found in very high amounts of iron, magnesium and calcium, but this black soil lacks nitrogen, phosphorus and also belongs to tropical regions of India, so there is lack of moisture and heat due to this Black soil also lacks moisture and heat.

Black soil is found in the Deccan Plateau and Malwa Plateau regions, which are found under Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Gujarat Eastern Chhattisgarh Northern Andhra Pradesh Northern Karnataka and Tamil Nadu regions.

Red clay.

Red clay and metamorphic rocks are formed due to breakage. Red color in red soil is due to red oxide or iron oxide. When the red soil gets filled with water, it starts to look yellow, so it is also yellow clay Is called.

 Potash and iron are found in red soil, besides all the other minerals are deficient, so or the soil is less fertile, we can make red soil fertile if we mix it in red soil.

Red clay is found all around the peninsular plateau. It is found in North Eastern Andhra Pradesh Eastern Uttar Pradesh Jaintia Garo Khasi Hill Aravali Hill South Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Rajasthan.

 Laterite clay.

Laterite soils are produced over time due to dry and dry conditions. Laterite soils are also produced by the process of red clay deposition. Due to excessive deposition, the stems in this soil are very less open. In this soil only iron and aluminium This soil is very fertile because of its ion, so this soil is used only for making eta but only tea and coffee can be cultivated in this type of soil.

 In the hilly areas of the Deccan plateau, Assam is found in the Western Ghats in Orissa and Malabar in the Eastern Ghats, Raj Mahal in Madhya Pradesh.

Mountain and wild soil.

 This type of soil is found in the forests and mountains. This type of soil varies from place to place in this type of soil due to the breakdown of leaves, leaves of trees, plants, etc., due to its formation in the soil of competition. The soil is slightly acidic, the process of decomposition is very slow, so this soil is slightly acidic. This type of soil lacks potash phosphorus and lime. This type of soil has very high organic matter Are found in.

This type of soil is found on the Satpuda hills above the slope of the Nilgiri Mountains, Vindhya Mountains, Himalayas.

Desert soil.

Desert soil is formed due to high temperature and wind erosion. Due to high temperature, the soil dries up and due to wind, the small particles from that soil fly away to another area which is light colored and in it Salt content is high in this type of soil, phosphorus is found in very high amount in the plains of Rajasthan for its soil and this soil has become barren due to high temperature and wind blowing. She mixes small particles of soil of Rajasthan and mixes western Uttar Pradesh and Punjab Haryana, so there is only sand soil in Rajasthan, so there is desert soil.

 We can make the soil of Thar Desert rise up through irrigation. See the amount of phosphorus in that soil, but there is a slight deficiency of nitrogen, which we can accomplish through urea manure to make the desert soil of Rajasthan fertile. The government has taken a canal from Bhakra Nangal dam towards Rajasthan, named Indira Gandhi Canal, through this canal, the desert soil of Rajasthan is being made fertile.

Marshy soil.

 The marshy soil is formed in such areas where there is more rainfall and humidity, more rotting due to accumulation of more water in such areas. Flora and fauna are rotting in large quantities, in such a place marshy soil is formed, this type of soil contains a lot of organic matter, so the colour of this soil is black, the monkey soil is lacking phosphate, potassium and nitrogen. But it is found in very high amounts of organic matter.

Kerala in India is found in North Bihar coastal Orissa, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu.

Alkaline soil.

The pH value of alkaline soil is more than 7 and it is a soil with low properties. This type of soil has a high amount of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate. This soil is normally found in desert or semi-desert areas where But it rains less and the temperature is much higher.

 Alkaline soil is rich in calcium magnesium sodium chloride and potassium. This soil is mostly found in Uttar Pradesh Punjab Haryana.

Also read,

WHAT IS LAND POLLUTION? SOURCE OF LAND POLLUTION.